Tu, R, Li, T, Meng, C et al. (7 more authors) (2021) Real-world Emissions of Construction Mobile Machines and Comparison to a Non-road Emission Model. Science of The Total Environment, 771. 145365. ISSN 0048-9697
Abstract
This study implemented real-world tests in Nanjing, China for measuring emission factors (EFs) of air pollutants, including Carbon Monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbon (HC), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), and Particulate Matter (PM) from ten construction machines in three operational modes (idling, moving, and working) with a Portable Emission Measurement System. The idling mode shows the least variation of EFs, and its average CO EFs can be higher than the moving and working modes by 43% and 34%, respectively. The working mode generates the highest emission for all other pollutants with the highest variation. The EFs suggested by the Guide (an official guidebook for developing emission inventory in China) are in general lower than the measured EFs, and the gap becomes larger for older machines. The EFs of CO, NOx, and PM of China Stage II machines are 24%, 120%, and 66% higher than those of the Guide, respectively. The differences go up as high as 126%, 1066%, and 559% for China Stage I machines, indicating the upgrade of engine technology from Stage I to Stage II, as well as the effect of machine deterioration. The result of this study reveals the effectiveness of stringent emission standards in controlling emissions from construction machines. High emissions from older machines emphasize the importance of a more rigorous machine replacement policy and a regulated maintenance strategy. The result also stresses the need to update the Guide with differentiated activity modes, region variations, and machine deterioration effects.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2021 Published by Elsevier. This is an author produced version of a paper published in Science of the Total Environment. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Keywords: | Non-road mobile machinery (NRMM); construction machinery; air pollutant emissions; Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS); non-road emission model |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > Institute for Transport Studies (Leeds) > ITS: Spatial Modelling and Dynamics (Leeds) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number EU - European Union 815189 |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 04 Feb 2021 12:40 |
Last Modified: | 24 Feb 2025 13:24 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Elsevier BV |
Identification Number: | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145365 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:170657 |
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