Yang, Z, Tate, JE orcid.org/0000-0003-1646-6852, Morganti, E et al. (1 more author) (2021) Real-world CO2 and NOX emissions from refrigerated vans. Science of The Total Environment, 763. 142974. ISSN 0048-9697
Abstract
Refrigerated vans used for home deliveries are attracting attention as online grocery shopping in the UK is expanding rapidly and contributes to the increasing greenhouse gas (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions. These vans are typically 3.5-tonne gross weight vehicles equipped with temperature-controlled units called Transport Refrigeration Units (TRUs), which are usually powered off the vehicles' engine. It is obvious that vehicles with added weight of TRUs consume more fuel and emit more NOX, let alone the vehicles' diesel engines are also powering the refrigeration units, which further elevates the emissions.
This research uses an instantaneous vehicle emission model PHEM (version 13.0.3.21) to simulate the real-world emissions from refrigerated vans. A validation of PHEM is included using data from laboratory (chassis dynamometer) tests over a realistic driving profile (the London Drive Cycle), to assess its ability to quantify the impact of changing vehicle weights and carrying loads. The impact of the TRU weight, greater frontal area increasing aerodynamic drag and refrigeration load on van emissions is then estimated by PHEM. The influence of ambient temperature, cargo weight and driving condition on CO2 and NOX emission from refrigerated van are also assessed.
Overall CO2 emissions of vans with TRUs are found to be 15% higher than standard vehicles, with NOX emissions estimated to be elevated by 18%. This confirms the need to take into account the impact of additional engine load when predicting van emissions in this and other sectors such as ambulances which are relatively heavy, high powered vehicles. Moreover, findings of the impact of TRUs on fuel consumptions can be used to optimize fuel-saving strategies for refrigerated vans and test cases for alternative low- or zero-emission technologies, to support progress to a sustainable net-zero society.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2020, Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. This is an author produced version of an article published in Science of The Total Environment. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Keywords: | Real-world emissions; Light commercial vehicles; Transportation refrigeration units (TRUs); PHEM; Carbon dioxide (CO2); Nitrogen oxides (NOX) |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > Institute for Transport Studies (Leeds) > ITS: Spatial Modelling and Dynamics (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 12 Nov 2020 12:20 |
Last Modified: | 24 Feb 2025 13:12 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Elsevier |
Identification Number: | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142974 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:167780 |
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