Tyson, A orcid.org/0000-0002-4458-6870 and Meganingtyas, E (2022) The Status of Palm Oil under the European Union’s Renewable Energy Directive: Sustainability or Protectionism? Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 58 (1). pp. 31-54. ISSN 0007-4918
Abstract
According to the European Union’s recast Renewable Energy Directive (RED II), the EU aims to phase out feedstock biofuels that involve high indirect land-use change (ILUC) by 2030, which includes crude palm oil only. Indonesia, the world’s leading producer of crude palm oil, contests this regulation, claiming that the classification of biofuels as being produced with high- or low-risk ILUC is discriminatory and inherently protectionist. This study examines the critical ambiguities of protectionism and sustainability, using a legal framework to empirically ascertain the nature of RED II and Indonesia’s institutional response. Southeast Asian palm oil and European vegetable oils (such as rapeseed and sunflower oils) are considered ‘like products’ under World Trade Organization criteria that emphasise product-related process and production methods. RED II has the potential to qualify for exemptions under GATT article XX. However, the extraterritoriality of RED II, which aims to reduce emissions, is contested, as is the unilateral nature of the ILUC risk measurements.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2022 ANU Indonesia Project. This is an author produced version of an article published in Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Keywords: | palm oil; Indonesia; European Union; Renewable Energy Directive; protectionism |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Education, Social Sciences and Law (Leeds) > School of Politics & International Studies (POLIS) (Leeds) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number British Academy IPM 16 |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 03 Nov 2020 12:14 |
Last Modified: | 14 Oct 2023 00:13 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Taylor & Francis |
Identification Number: | 10.1080/00074918.2020.1862411 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:167433 |