Howarth, C., Mishra, A. and Hall, C. (2020) More than just summed neuronal activity : how multiple cell types shape the BOLD response. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 376 (1815). ISSN 0962-8436
Abstract
Functional neuroimaging techniques are widely applied to investigations of human cognition and disease. The most commonly used among these is blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The BOLD signal occurs because neural activity induces an increase in local blood supply to support the increased metabolism that occurs during activity. This supply usually outmatches demand, resulting in an increase in oxygenated blood in an active brain region, and a corresponding decrease in deoxygenated blood, which generates the BOLD signal. Hence, the BOLD response is shaped by an integration of local oxygen use, through metabolism, and supply, in the blood. To understand what information is carried in BOLD, we must understand how several cell types in the brain-local excitatory neurons, inhibitory neurons, astrocytes and vascular cells (pericytes, vascular smooth muscle, and endothelial cells), and their modulation by ascending projection neurons - contribute to both metabolism and haemodynamic changes. Here, we review the contributions of each cell type to the regulation of cerebral blood flow and metabolism, and discuss situations where a simplified interpretation of the BOLD response as reporting local excitatory activity may misrepresent important biological phenomena, for example with regards to arousal states, ageing and neurological disease.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2020 The Authors. This is an author-produced version of a paper accepted for publication in Phil. Trans. B: Biological Sciences. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Keywords: | BOLD fMRI; neurovascular coupling; neurometabolic coupling; astrocyte; interneuron; endothelial propagation |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Science (Sheffield) > Department of Psychology (Sheffield) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number The Wellcome Trust 105586/Z/14/Z |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 02 Oct 2020 07:28 |
Last Modified: | 16 Nov 2020 08:28 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | The Royal Society |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1098/rstb.2019.0630 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:166097 |