King, O, Turner, AGD orcid.org/0000-0002-6098-6313, Quincey, DJ orcid.org/0000-0002-7602-7926 et al. (1 more author) (2020) Morphometric evolution of Everest region debris-covered glaciers. Geomorphology, 371. 107422. ISSN 0169-555X
Abstract
Debris-covered glaciers in the central Himalaya have now experienced several decades of sustained ice loss, manifested predominantly in glacier surface lowering. In particular, glacier surfaces of low longitudinal gradient and low ice surface velocity have developed locally complex surface topographies and undergone profound changes in supraglacial hydrology. In this study we examine the development of complex ice surface topography across six debris-covered glaciers in the Everest region over the last four decades via a new metric of glacier surface relief applied to Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). We focus in on Khumbu Glacier, and use fine spatial and temporal resolution DEMs covering a period of 28 months to quantify the contemporary contribution of ice cliff and supraglacial pond expansion to overall mass loss from stagnant areas of ice. On the broader scale, we find three common long-term changes in glacier surface topography, (1) glacier-wide expansion of high relief topography in response to ice cliff and supraglacial pond network evolution, (2) up-glacier expansion of high local relief zones that may be caused by differential sub-debris melt beneath thin debris, and (3) increase in glacier surface relief proximal to glacier termini caused by supraglacial stream incision where linked proglacial-supraglacial hydrological networks exist. Overall, we contend that these topographic measurements will be important for understanding glacier surface water storage and also the energy balance of a debris-covered glacier surface, both of which could exacerbate future ice loss and downstream meltwater supply.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Keywords: | Debris-covered glacier; Glacier metrics; Glacier surface relief; Glacier surface topography; Structure from motion |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > School of Geography (Leeds) > Centre for Spatial Analysis & Policy (Leeds) The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > School of Geography (Leeds) > River Basin Processes & Management (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 14 Sep 2020 15:35 |
Last Modified: | 05 Jun 2023 21:35 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Elsevier |
Identification Number: | 10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107422 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:165434 |
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Licence: CC-BY 4.0