Lewis, DI orcid.org/0000-0003-3014-3427 (2019) Animal experimentation: implementation and application of the 3Rs. Emerging Topics in Life Sciences, 3 (6). pp. 675-679. ISSN 2397-8554
Abstract
Despite the development of powerful molecular biological techniques and technologies, studies involving research animals remain a key component of discovery biology, and in the discovery and development of new medicines. In 1959, The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique, the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) were developed to provide a framework to ensure animal research was undertaken as humanely as possible. Sixty years since their inception, the extent to which the 3Rs have been adopted and implemented by the global scientific and medical research communities has unfortunately been slow and patchy. However, this situation is changing rapidly as awareness increases, not only of the 3Rs themselves, but of the impact of animal welfare on the reproducibility, reliability and translatability of data from animal studies.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society and the Royal Society of Biology. This is an author produced version of an article published in Emerging Topics in Life Sciences. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Keywords: | 3Rs, animal experimentation, animal welfare, ethics, laboratory animal |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Biological Sciences (Leeds) > School of Biomedical Sciences (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 18 Aug 2020 15:27 |
Last Modified: | 22 Oct 2020 00:39 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Portland Press Ltd. |
Identification Number: | 10.1042/etls20190061 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:164513 |