Hu, K., Reed, D., Robshaw, T.J. orcid.org/0000-0002-9816-8236 et al. (2 more authors) (2021) Characterisation of aluminium black dross before and after stepwise salt-phase dissolution in non-aqueous solvents. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 401. 123351. ISSN 0304-3894
Abstract
Aqueous leaching to recover salts from black dross is accompanied by hazardous gas generation. The gas-generating phases vary significantly across differently sourced black dross. The challenge for the industry is how to accurately qualify and quantify the problematic components of black dross, especially minor reactive phases. This paper employed XRF, EDX, XRD, Raman and FTIR to analyse two industrial black dross samples from various sources. A novel pre-treatment method before characterisation was devised using water-free glycerol and anhydrous ethanol to remove the major salt components, without reacting the gas-generating phases. The results show that around 80 % of the salts existent in the black dross had been removed successfully through pre-treatment. This method facilitated the determination of minor reactive phases characterised by XRD, XRF and EDX, and had little effect on the characterisation by Raman and FTIR spectroscopy. The ammonia-generating nitride phase was detected by XRD, Raman and FTIR. The FTIR, moreover, allowed the successful identification of carbide. Best practice guidelines for the industrial analysis of black dross has been proposed. The guidelines would provide industry with evidence to include or adjust gas treatment methods and operational parameters when dealing with compositional variability in industrially-sourced black dross.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2020 Elsevier B.V. This is an author produced version of a paper subsequently published in Journal of Hazardous Materials. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. Article available under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-ND licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
Keywords: | Aluminium black dross; Characterisation; Hazardous waste; Salts dissolution; Aluminium nitride |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Engineering (Sheffield) > Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (Sheffield) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number INNOVATE UK (TSB) KTP010597 |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 14 Aug 2020 15:55 |
Last Modified: | 30 Jun 2021 00:38 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Elsevier BV |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123351 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:164459 |
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