Hashemi, S., Filion, Y., Speight, V. orcid.org/0000-0001-7780-7863 et al. (1 more author) (2020) Effect of pipe size and location on water-main head loss in water distribution systems. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 146 (6). 06020006. ISSN 0733-9496
Abstract
This study discusses practical implications of considering unit head loss in different pipe sizes and in different locations of water distribution systems (WDSs) with regard to operation and maintenance. By visualizing unit head loss (using the Hazen-Williams relationship) in pipes obtained from 18 WDSs in North America, changes in unit head loss are put into perspective in different pipe sizes and different WDS locations. The results suggest that the importance of diameter is greater than that of the Hazen-Williams roughness factor, that flow rate plays a more important role than diameter in determination of head loss in pipes closer to water sources, and that diameter seems to be more important than flow rate in pipes at the periphery. Moreover, aging, tuberculation, and subsequently reduction in effective diameter can have a more critical effect on head loss in smaller pipes at the periphery of a system. Finally, effects of water conservation and pump scheduling in different locations of the network, as far as head loss is concerned, can potentially be more evident on larger pipes closer to the water source and in some cases on smaller pipes at the periphery. Therefore, it is suggested that network-level energy management decisions can have different effects on different pipe sizes in different locations.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers. This is an author-produced version of a paper subsequently published in Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Keywords: | Energy efficiency; Water mains; Water distribution systems; Roughness; Pipe class |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Engineering (Sheffield) > Department of Civil and Structural Engineering (Sheffield) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 03 Jul 2020 14:29 |
Last Modified: | 03 Jul 2020 14:52 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0001222 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:162853 |