Farber, L., Al-aaraj, D.K., Smith, R. orcid.org/0000-0003-2340-0042 et al. (1 more author) (2020) Formation and internal microstructure of granules from wetting and non-wetting efavirenz/iron oxide blends. Chemical Engineering Science, 227. 115909. ISSN 0009-2509
Abstract
An examination of granulation of non-wetting/wetting powder mixtures is presented. Non-wetting micron-size pharmaceutical active powder was blended with a sub-micron wetting excipient in three different ratios to produce wetting, non-wetting, and marginally-wetting powder blends. Model nuclei were prepared from these blends using binder droplets with viscosity of ca 10, 100 and 1000 mPa·s and further granulated in tumbling drum and high shear granulator. The effects of blend wettability, binder viscosity, granulation time, and shear forces on granule size and microstructure were investigated. Hollow granules were produced at higher binder viscosity of 100 and 1000 mPa·s regardless of blend wettability. Solid granules with a complex internal microstructure were produced at low binder viscosity of 10 mPa·s regardless of blend wettability. Contribution of capillary, viscous and impact forces are considered to explain differences in granule microstructure. Modified Reynolds and Weber numbers are proposed to rationalize formation and stability of shell microstructures.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. |
Keywords: | Wet granulation; Granule microstructure; Granule nucleation; Non-wetting powder blends |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Engineering (Sheffield) > Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (Sheffield) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 08 Jan 2021 13:47 |
Last Modified: | 11 Jan 2021 11:42 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Elsevier BV |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1016/j.ces.2020.115909 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:162769 |