Unexpected large eruptions from buoyant magma bodies within viscoelastic crust

Abstract

Large volume effusive eruptions with relatively minor observed precursory signals are at odds with widely used models to interpret volcano deformation. Here we propose a new modelling framework that resolves this discrepancy by accounting for magma buoyancy, viscoelastic crustal properties, and sustained magma channels. At low magma accumulation rates, the stability of deep magma bodies is governed by the magma-host rock density contrast and the magma body thickness. During eruptions, inelastic processes including magma mush erosion and thermal effects, can form a sustained channel that supports magma flow, driven by the pressure difference between the magma body and surface vents. At failure onset, it may be difficult to forecast the final eruption volume; pressure in a magma body may drop well below the lithostatic load, create under-pressure and initiate a caldera collapse, despite only modest precursors.

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Item Type:	Article
Authors/Creators:	Sigmundsson, F Pinel, V Grapenthin, R Hooper, A https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4244-6652 Halldórsson, SA Einarsson, P Ófeigsson, BG Heimisson, ER Jónsdóttir, K Gudmundsson, MT Vogfjörd, K Parks, M Li, S Drouin, V Geirsson, H Dumont, S Fridriksdottir, HM Gudmundsson, GB Wright, TJ https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8338-5935 Yamasaki, T
Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information:	© The Author(s) 2020. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Keywords:	Geodynamics; Volcanology
Dates:	Accepted: 8 April 2020 Published (online): 15 May 2020 Published: December 2020
Institution:	The University of Leeds
Academic Units:	The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > School of Earth and Environment (Leeds) > Inst of Geophysics and Tectonics (IGT) (Leeds)
Depositing User:	Symplectic Publications
Date Deposited:	06 Jul 2020 10:03
Last Modified:	07 Jul 2020 12:24
Status:	Published
Publisher:	Nature Research
Identification Number:	10.1038/s41467-020-16054-6
Related URLs:	Author
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID):	oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:162634

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Unexpected large eruptions from buoyant magma bodies within viscoelastic crust

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