Harrison, G, Gühnemann, A and Shepherd, S orcid.org/0000-0002-4420-3382 (2020) The Business Case for a Journey Planning and Ticketing App—Comparison between a Simulation Analysis and Real-World Data. Sustainability, 12 (10). ISSN 2071-1050
Abstract
Successful development of “Mobility-as-a-Service” (MaaS) schemes could be transformative to our transport systems and critical for achieving sustainable cities. There are high hopes for mobile phone applications that offer both journey planning and ticketing across all the available transport modes, but these are in their infancy, with little understanding of the correct approach to business models and governance. In this study, we develop a system dynamics diffusion model that represents the uptake of such an app, based on one developed and released in West Yorkshire, UK. We perform sensitivity and uncertainty tests on user uptake and app operating profitability, and analyse these in three key areas of marketing, competition, and costs. Comparison to early uptake data is included to demonstrate accuracy of model behaviour and would suggest market failure by month 12 without stronger marketing, even if additional tickets and functions are offered. In response to this, we offer further insights on the need for direct targeted marketing to ensure mass market adoption, the importance of understanding a realistic potential adopter pool, the awareness of competing apps, and the high uncertainty that exists in this market.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
Keywords: | system dynamics; mobility-as-a-service; mobile phone application; business models |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > Institute for Transport Studies (Leeds) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number Innovate UK fka Technology Strategy Board (TSB) TS/N004612/1 |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 28 May 2020 14:27 |
Last Modified: | 28 May 2020 14:27 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | MDPI |
Identification Number: | 10.3390/su12104005 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:161254 |