Burke, MJ orcid.org/0000-0002-7859-3518, Stockley, PG orcid.org/0000-0002-1360-2751 and Boyes, J orcid.org/0000-0002-8705-9827 (2020) Broadly Neutralizing Bovine Antibodies: Highly Effective New Tools against Evasive Pathogens? Viruses, 12 (4). 473. ISSN 1999-4915
Abstract
Potent antibody-mediated neutralization is critical for an organism to combat the vast array of pathogens it will face during its lifetime. Due to the potential genetic diversity of some viruses, such as HIV-1 and influenza, standard neutralizing antibodies are often ineffective or easily evaded as their targets are masked or rapidly mutated. This has thwarted efforts to both prevent and treat HIV-1 infections and means that entirely new formulations are required to vaccinate against influenza each year. However, some rare antibodies isolated from infected individuals confer broad and potent neutralization. A subset of these broadly neutralizing antibodies possesses a long complementarity-determining 3 region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (CDR H3). This feature generates unique antigen binding site configurations that can engage conserved but otherwise inaccessible epitope targets thus neutralizing many viral variants. Remarkably, ultralong CDR H3s are a common feature of the cow antibody repertoire and are encoded by a single variable, diversity, joining (VDJ) recombination that is extensively diversified prior to antigen exposure. Recently, it was shown that cows rapidly generate a broadly neutralizing response upon exposure to HIV-1 and this is primarily mediated by these novel ultralong antibody types. This review summarises the current knowledge of these unusual CDR H3 structures and discusses their known and potential future uses.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
Keywords: | broadly neutralizing antibodies; ultralong CDR H3; bovine antibodies; antibody diversity |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Biological Sciences (Leeds) > School of Molecular and Cellular Biology (Leeds) > Biological Chemistry (Leeds) The University of Leeds > Faculty of Biological Sciences (Leeds) > School of Molecular and Cellular Biology (Leeds) > Molecular & Cellular Biology (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 25 Jun 2020 10:31 |
Last Modified: | 25 Jun 2020 10:31 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | MDPI |
Identification Number: | 10.3390/v12040473 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:159765 |