The influence of a low density foam sandwich core on the response of a partially confined steel cylinder to internal air-blast

This article presents the results of an investigation into the response of partially confined hollow stainless steel cylinders to internal air-blast loading. Numerical, theoretical and experimental analyses were performed to gain insight into the factors governing the deformation processes. Numerically, LS-DYNA was used to simulate the response of the steel single-walled cylinders and compare it to the response of various equivalent mass sandwich-walled cylinders with different mass distributions through the wall thickness. It was established that sandwich-walled cylinders with low density foam core outperform the single-walled cylinder while the higher density foam core sandwich-walled cylinders respond by larger maximum deflections compared to the single-walled equivalent. A theoretical model was developed for the deformation of a sandwich-walled ring configuration and used to analyse and interpret the process of the dynamic foam compaction and stress transmission to the outer wall of a sandwich-walled cylinder. The results from the numerical parametric study and theoretical analysis are used further to design a sandwich-walled cylinder which would outperform the equivalent mass single-walled steel tube. Experimentally, the blast loading was generated by detonating spheres of plastic explosive at the mid-point of the centre line of the cylinders. Partial confinement was created by closing one end of the cylinder and leaving the other end free to vent to air.