Bartram, J orcid.org/0000-0002-6542-6315, Brocklehurst, C, Fisher, M et al. (4 more authors) (2014) Global Monitoring of Water Supply and Sanitation: History, Methods and Future Challenges. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11 (8). pp. 8137-8165. ISSN 1661-7827
Abstract
International monitoring of drinking water and sanitation shapes awareness of countries’ needs and informs policy, implementation and research efforts to extend and improve services. The Millennium Development Goals established global targets for drinking water and sanitation access; progress towards these targets, facilitated by international monitoring, has contributed to reducing the global disease burden and increasing quality of life. The experiences of the MDG period generated important lessons about the strengths and limitations of current approaches to defining and monitoring access to drinking water and sanitation. The methods by which the Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) of WHO and UNICEF tracks access and progress are based on analysis of data from household surveys and linear regression modelling of these results over time. These methods provide nationally representative and internationally comparable insights into the drinking water and sanitation facilities used by populations worldwide, but also have substantial limitations: current methods do not address water quality, equity of access, or extra-household services. Improved statistical methods are needed to better model temporal trends. This article describes and critically reviews JMP methods in detail for the first time. It also explores the impact of, and future directions for, international monitoring of drinking water and sanitation.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). |
Keywords: | water; sanitation; monitoring; JMP; international; method; WHO; UNICEF; Millennium; MDG |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences (Leeds) > School of Civil Engineering (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 10 May 2021 10:24 |
Last Modified: | 10 Nov 2021 14:04 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | MDPI AG |
Identification Number: | 10.3390/ijerph110808137 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:159036 |