The ‘diamond concept’ for long bone non-union management

Abstract

Long bone non-union continues to be a significant worldwide problem. Since its inception over a decade ago, the ‘diamond concept’, a conceptual framework of what is essential for a successful bone healing response, has gained great acceptance for assessing and planning the management of fracture non-unions. Herein, we discuss the epidemiology of non-unions, the basic science of bone healing in the context of the diamond concept, the currently available results and areas for future research.

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Item Type:	Article
Authors/Creators:	Andrzejowski, P Giannoudis, PV https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5205-7696
Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information:	© The Author(s) 2019. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Keywords:	Diamond concept; Bone healing; Long bone; Non-union; Mesenchymal stem cells
Dates:	Accepted: 20 March 2019 Published (online): 11 April 2019 Published: 11 April 2019
Institution:	The University of Leeds
Academic Units:	The University of Leeds > Faculty of Medicine and Health (Leeds) > School of Medicine (Leeds) > Institute of Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM) (Leeds) > Orthopaedics (Leeds)
Depositing User:	Symplectic Publications
Date Deposited:	17 Feb 2020 12:28
Last Modified:	17 Feb 2020 12:28
Status:	Published
Publisher:	Springer Nature
Identification Number:	10.1186/s10195-019-0528-0
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID):	oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:157171

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The ‘diamond concept’ for long bone non-union management

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