Edafe, O., Cochrane, E. and Balasubramanian, S.P. orcid.org/0000-0001-5953-2843 (2020) Reoperation for bleeding after thyroid and parathyroid surgery : incidence, risk factors, prevention, and management. World Journal of Surgery, 44 (4). pp. 1156-1162. ISSN 0364-2313
Abstract
Introduction
Bleeding after thyroid and/or parathyroid surgery is a life-threatening emergency. The aim of this study was to determine the rates of reoperation following bleeding, identify risk factors, assess management strategies and outcomes, and develop protocols to reduce risk and improve management of bleeding.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study of all consecutive patients who underwent thyroid and/or parathyroid surgery over a 7-year period was conducted. A nested case–control design was used to evaluate specific factors and their association with reoperation for bleeding.
Results
Of 1913 patients, 25 (1.3%) underwent reoperation for bleeding. Of the 25 patients who bled, 6 (24%) required reoperation before leaving theatre; 17 (68%) had bleeding within 6 h, 1 (4%) between 6 and 24 h, and 1 (4%) after 24 h. Reoperation for bleeding was not associated with age, gender, or surgeon. Patients who had total thyroidectomy were more likely to have reoperation for bleeding compared to hemithyroidectomy (p = 0.045) or parathyroidectomy (p = 0.001). The following factors were not associated with bleeding: neck dissection, re-do surgery, drain use, blood-thinning medication or clotting disorders, and BMI. Patients who had reoperation for bleeding had longer hospital stay (p = 0.001), but similar rates of RLN palsy, wound infection, and hypoparathyroidism.
Conclusion
A higher risk profile for significant post-operative bleeding cannot be determined in patients undergoing thyroid surgery. Based on this experience, we developed protocols to reduce the risk of bleeding (the ITSRED Fred protocol) and for the early detection and management of bleed (the SCOOP protocol) following thyroid and/or parathyroid surgery.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2019 The Authors. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health (Sheffield) > Department of Oncology (Sheffield) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 05 Feb 2020 11:02 |
Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 13:13 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Springer Nature |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1007/s00268-019-05322-2 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:155228 |
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