Bennison, D. orcid.org/0000-0001-9026-9262, Irving, S.E. and Corrigan, R.M. orcid.org/0000-0002-6031-1148 (2019) The impact of the stringent response on TRAFAC GTPases and prokaryotic ribosome assembly. Cells, 8 (11). 1313. ISSN 2073-4409
Abstract
Many facets of ribosome biogenesis and function, including ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription, 70S assembly and protein translation, are negatively impacted upon induction of a nutrient stress-sensing signalling pathway termed the stringent response. This stress response is mediated by the alarmones guanosine tetra- and penta-phosphate ((p)ppGpp), the accumulation of which leads to a massive cellular response that slows growth and aids survival. The 70S bacterial ribosome is an intricate structure, with assembly both complex and highly modular. Presiding over the assembly process is a group of P-loop GTPases within the TRAFAC (Translation Factor Association) superclass that are crucial for correct positioning of both early and late stage ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) onto the rRNA. Often described as ‘molecular switches’, members of this GTPase superfamily readily bind and hydrolyse GTP to GDP in a cyclic manner that alters the propensity of the GTPase to carry out a function. TRAFAC GTPases are considered to act as checkpoints to ribosome assembly, involved in binding to immature sections in the GTP-bound state, preventing further r-protein association until maturation is complete. Here we review our current understanding of the impact of the stringent response and (p)ppGpp production on ribosome maturation in prokaryotic cells, focusing on the inhibition of (p)ppGpp on GTPase-mediated subunit assembly, but also touching upon the inhibition of rRNA transcription and protein translation.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2019 The Authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Keywords: | ribosome; GTPase; stringent response; ppGpp; assembly cofactors; TRAFAC |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Science (Sheffield) > School of Biosciences (Sheffield) > Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Sheffield) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number WELLCOME TRUST (THE) 104110/Z/14/Z |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 30 Oct 2019 15:32 |
Last Modified: | 30 Oct 2019 15:40 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | MDPI |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.3390/cells8111313 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:152841 |