Guimarães, T orcid.org/0000-0001-5278-7130, Lucas, K and Timms, P (2019) Understanding how low-income communities gain access to healthcare services: A qualitative study in São Paulo, Brazil. Journal of Transport and Health, 15. 100658. ISSN 2214-1405
Abstract
Introduction:
Accessibility to healthcare is recognised as an important component in the uptake of healthcare. Accessibility gaps may underpin health inequalities and the burden often born by socially disadvantaged groups who experience higher levels of disease and have shorter lives. This study aims to identify, from the perspective of people on low incomes, the determinants of their ease of access to healthcare, and how this impacts upon short- and long-term mobility strategies for activity participation.
Methods:
The research takes a qualitative approach, guided by a conceptual framework that combines transport disadvantage and social exclusion perspectives with human needs theories. We employed focus groups to gather views and experiences on healthcare accessibility from 114 residents of 12 low-income neighbourhoods in São Paulo (Brazil).
Results:
Five emergent themes encompass the main barriers to healthcare accessibility, namely: proximity and remoteness, walking safety, public transport services, personal security issues, and quality of healthcare services. Participants explained the difficulties of gaining access to healthcare beyond factors such as location and distance. A range of inter-related, multidimensional factors shapes the accessibility of the poor to healthcare in São Paulo. Even under severe financial and time constraints, people may travel longer to access facilities perceived as adequate to respond to their health needs. Participants’ narratives suggest a strong effect of healthcare inadequacies, such as the poor quality of the patient-provider relationship and the long times needed to receive medical care, on mobility strategies.
Conclusions:
Within policy setting agendas in Brazil, “objective” assessments of people's ability to access healthcare tend to over-emphasise the spatial separation between patients' home locations and the physical location of healthcare services, most notably in terms of travel time or distance. Tackling health inequalities requires planners to design integrated transport and health policies taking into consideration the adequacy and quality of both transport and healthcare services.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
---|---|
Authors/Creators: |
|
Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2019, Elsevier. All rights reserved. This is an author produced version of an article published in Journal of Transport and Health. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Keywords: | Accessibility; Access to healthcare; Transport-related social exclusion; Poverty; Human needs theories; Focus groups |
Dates: |
|
Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > Institute for Transport Studies (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 09 Oct 2019 08:44 |
Last Modified: | 07 Apr 2021 00:38 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Elsevier |
Identification Number: | 10.1016/j.jth.2019.100658 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:151937 |