Wigley, BJ, Coetsee, C, Kruger, LM et al. (2 more authors) (2019) Ants, fire, and bark traits affect how African savanna trees recover following damage. Biotropica, 51 (5). pp. 682-691. ISSN 0006-3606
Abstract
Bark damage resulting from elephant feeding is common in African savanna trees with subsequent interactions with fire, insects, and other pathogens often resulting in tree mortality. Yet, surprisingly little is known about how savanna trees respond to bark damage. We addressed this by investigating how the inner bark of marula (Sclerocarya birrea), a widespread tree species favoured by elephants, recovers after bark damage. We used a long‐term fire experiment in the Kruger National Park to measure bark recovery with and without fire. At 24 months post‐damage, mean wound closure was 98, 92, and 72%, respectively, in annual and biennial burns and fire‐exclusion treatments. Fire exclusion resulted in higher rates of ant colonization of bark wounds, and such ant colonization resulted in significantly lower bark recovery. We also investigated how ten common savanna tree species respond to bark damage and tested for relationships between bark damage, bark recovery, and bark traits while accounting for phylogeny. We found phylogenetic signal in bark dry matter content, bark N and bark P, but not in bark thickness. Bark recovery and damage was highest in species which had thick moist inner bark and low wood densities (Anacardiaceae), intermediate in species which had moderate inner bark thickness and wood densities (Fabaceae) and lowest in species which had thin inner bark and high wood densities (Combretaceae). Elephants prefer species with thick, moist inner bark, traits that also appear to result in faster recovery rates.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2019 The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation. This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Wigley, BJ, Coetsee, C, Kruger, LM et al. (2 more authors) (2019) Ants, fire, and bark traits affect how African savanna trees recover following damage. Biotropica, 51 (5). pp. 682-691. ISSN 0006-3606, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.12683. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Keywords: | bark damage; bark traits; elephants; interactions; Kruger National Park; long-term fire experiment |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Biological Sciences (Leeds) > School of Biology (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 04 Sep 2019 13:48 |
Last Modified: | 26 Jul 2020 00:38 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Wiley |
Identification Number: | 10.1111/btp.12683 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:150383 |