Gardy, J orcid.org/0000-0003-1806-4056, Nourafkan, E, Osatiashtiani, A et al. (4 more authors) (2019) A core-shell SO₄/Mg-Al-Fe₃O₄ catalyst for biodiesel production. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 259. 118093. ISSN 0926-3373
Abstract
Catalytic transesterification of triglycerides and esterification of free fatty acids underpins sustainable biodiesel production, wherein efficient heterogeneous catalysts are sought to replace mineral acids. A robust, magnetic core-shell SO₄/Mg-Al-Fe₃O₄ catalyst was synthesised by stepwise co-precipitation, encapsulation, and surface functionalisation. The resulting magnetically-separable catalyst has a surface area of 123 m² g⁻¹, uniform 6.5 nm mesopores, and a high total acid site loading of 2.35 mmol g⁻¹. Optimum conditions for the (trans)esterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) over the sulfated solid acid catalyst were 95 °C, a methanol:WCO molar ratio of 9:1, and 300 min reaction to achieve 98.5% FAME yield. Esterification of oleic acid to methyl oleate resulted in an 88% yield after 150 min under the same reaction conditions. The magnetic solid acid catalyst exhibited good thermal and chemical stability and enabled facile catalyst separation post-reaction and the production of high quality biodiesel.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an author produced version of an article published in Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Keywords: | Solid acid catalyst; magnetic catalyst; core-shell nanoparticle; waste cooking oil; biodiesel |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences (Leeds) > School of Chemical & Process Engineering (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 19 Aug 2019 09:17 |
Last Modified: | 16 Aug 2020 00:38 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Elsevier |
Identification Number: | 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.118093 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:149830 |