Ancient cattle genomics, origins, and rapid turnover in the Fertile Crescent

Abstract

Genome-wide analysis of 67 ancient Near Eastern cattle, Bos taurus, remains reveals regional variation that has since been obscured by admixture in modern populations. Comparisons of genomes of early domestic cattle to their aurochs progenitors identify diverse origins with separate introgressions of wild stock. A later region-wide Bronze Age shift indicates rapid and widespread introgression of zebu, Bos indicus, from the Indus Valley. This process was likely stimulated at the onset of the current geological age, ~4.2 thousand years ago, by a widespread multicentury drought. In contrast to genome-wide admixture, mitochondrial DNA stasis supports that this introgression was male-driven, suggesting that selection of arid-adapted zebu bulls enhanced herd survival. This human-mediated migration of zebu-derived genetics has continued through millennia, altering tropical herding on each continent.

Metadata

Item Type:	Article
Authors/Creators:	Verdugo, Marta Pereira Mullin, Victoria E Scheu, Amelie Mattiangeli, Valeria Daly, Kevin G Maisano Delser, Pierpaolo Hare, Andrew J Burger, Joachim Collins, Matthew J https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4226-5501 Kehati, Ron Hesse, Paula Fulton, Deirdre Sauer, Eberhard W Mohaseb, Fatemeh A Davoudi, Hossein Khazaeli, Roya Lhuillier, Johanna Rapin, Claude Ebrahimi, Saeed Khasanov, Mutalib Vahidi, S M Farhad MacHugh, David E Ertuğrul, Okan Koukouli-Chrysanthaki, Chaido Sampson, Adamantios Kazantzis, George Kontopoulos, Ioannis Bulatovic, Jelena Stojanović, Ivana Mikdad, Abdesalam Benecke, Norbert Linstädter, Jörg Sablin, Mikhail Bendrey, Robin Gourichon, Lionel Arbuckle, Benjamin S Mashkour, Marjan Orton, David https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4069-8004 Horwitz, Liora Kolska Teasdale, Matthew D https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7376-9975 Bradley, Daniel G
Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information:	© 2019 American Association for the Advancement of Science. This is an author-produced version of the published paper. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher’s self-archiving policy. Further copying may not be permitted; contact the publisher for details.
Dates:	Accepted: 14 June 2019 Published: 12 July 2019
Institution:	The University of York
Academic Units:	The University of York > Faculty of Arts and Humanities (York) > Archaeology (York)
Depositing User:	Pure (York)
Date Deposited:	01 Aug 2019 09:00
Last Modified:	02 Apr 2025 23:16
Published Version:	https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav1002
Status:	Published
Refereed:	Yes
Identification Number:	10.1126/science.aav1002
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID):	oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:149232

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Ancient cattle genomics, origins, and rapid turnover in the Fertile Crescent

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