Gonçalves, RC, Louw, T orcid.org/0000-0001-6577-6369, Madigan, R orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-8012 et al. (1 more author) (2019) Using Markov Chains To Understand The Sequence of Drivers’ Gaze Transitions During Lane-Changes In Automated Driving. In: Proceedings of the Tenth International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle Design. Tenth International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle Design, 24-27 Jun 2019, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA. , pp. 217-223.
Abstract
This paper reports the results of a driving simulator study, which analyzed differences in drivers’ raw gaze transition patterns during different stages of a lane-change maneuver, measured during manual, partially and conditionally automated driving. To understand whether the different levels of automation affected behaviour, and particularly how visual attention was distributed during a lane-change maneuver, a Markov chains approach was used to compare gaze transitions between the different information sources available in the surrounding road and cockpit environment, for each of the three drives. Results showed that drivers initiated fewer safety-related inspections (for example to the wing mirrors) during partial automation, throughout the whole lane change maneuver, possibly because they were focusing on how to the transition of control from automation. Drivers in this condition also had a higher probability of checking the system’s HMI, to verify the automation’s status. In contrast, during conditional automation, the lack of a need for vehicle control by the driver resulted in more gaze transitions between information sources, and fewer gazes to locations where a potential hazard could be present, when compared to manual. Finally, drivers generally only deviated their gaze towards information related to aspects of vehicle control they were responsible for, which we conclude could make them susceptible to missing hazards during both routine and safety-critical take-overs.
Metadata
Item Type: | Proceedings Paper |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Keywords: | eye-movements; automated vehicles; markov chains; driver behaviour; driving simulator |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > Institute for Transport Studies (Leeds) > ITS: Safety and Technology (Leeds) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number EU - European Union 610428 |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 24 May 2019 14:33 |
Last Modified: | 08 Aug 2019 12:55 |
Published Version: | https://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/proceedings |
Status: | Published |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:146533 |