Yang, Z, Ge, Y, Thomas, D et al. (4 more authors) (2019) Real driving particle number (PN) emissions from China-6 compliant PFI and GDI hybrid electrical vehicles. Atmospheric Environment, 199. pp. 70-79. ISSN 1352-2310
Abstract
In this paper, the real driving particle number (PN) emissions from two China-6 compliant hybrid electrical vehicles (HEVs) were measured using a certification-level portable emission measurement system (PEMS) and strict adherence to the regulatory procedures for real driving emission (RDE) testing. The results show that the trip-averaged PN emission factors for the port fuel injection (PFI) HEV and the gasoline direct injection (GDI) HEV were 1.15E+12 and 1.71E+12#/km respectively, much higher than the engine-only counterparts and failing the existing RDE limits. Enriched air-fuel mixtures and probably lowered catalyst conversion efficiencies as a result of more frequent engine stop-and-goes of the HEVs are found to be the underlying reasons for the extra PN emissions. The test results also suggest the necessity to amend the power management strategy currently widely used in HEVs to deal with the PN issue.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. This is an author produced version of a paper published in Atmospheric Environment. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Keywords: | Particle number; Real driving emission; Hybrid vehicles; Port fuel injection; Gasoline direct injection |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences (Leeds) > School of Chemical & Process Engineering (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 18 Dec 2018 13:23 |
Last Modified: | 16 Nov 2019 01:39 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Elsevier |
Identification Number: | 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.11.037 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:140038 |
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Filename: Manuscript - RDE PN from HEVs - Final.pdf
Licence: CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0