Firbank, LG orcid.org/0000-0003-1242-8293, Elliott, J, Field, RH et al. (4 more authors) (2018) Assessing the performance of commercial farms in England and Wales: lessons for supporting the sustainable intensification of agriculture. Food and Energy Security, 7 (4). e00150. ISSN 2048-3694
Abstract
Understanding the trade‐offs between yield, ecosystem services and other societal benefits is a fundamental prerequisite for the sustainable intensification of agriculture. Here we develop and test an holistic approach to assessing farm performance across production, social, financial and environmental dimensions. A longlist of potential indicators was reduced to a smaller subset of Headline Indicators, covering financial performance, levels of food production (standardised in terms of energy content), social characteristics of the farmer (including age, level of education and degree of business co‐operation), hours worked on the farm and provision of public access, and environmental quality (including impacts on climate regulation and water quality). A new index for biodiversity was created and validated, based on land use and management. Data were collected from 59 English and Welsh farms, using a questionnaire structured to be similar to the UK Farm Business Survey. Data were analysed per farm and per unit area. The main overall variation in headline indicators was due to positive relationships between production, profitability and predicted levels of nitrate and GHG emissions, while social variables and biodiversity were generally unrelated to production. Cereal production was associated with relatively low levels of GHG emissions per unit of food production. There were strong differences in indicator profiles between farm types. Such metrics have value in helping understand how best to drive sustainable intensification, especially as it should involve reducing the pollution footprint of food production.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | (c) 2018, The Authors. Food and Energy Security published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. and the Association of Applied Biologists. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Biological Sciences (Leeds) > School of Biology (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 11 Sep 2018 10:21 |
Last Modified: | 25 Jun 2023 21:30 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Wiley |
Identification Number: | 10.1002/fes3.150 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:135542 |
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