Lovewell, T., McDonagh, A., Messenger, A. et al. (2 more authors) (2018) Meta-analysis of autoimmune regulator-regulated genes in human and murine models: a novel human model provides insights on the role of autoimmune regulator in regulating STAT1 and STAT1-regulated genes. Frontiers in Immunology, 9. 1380. ISSN 1664-3224
Abstract
Autoimmune regulator (AIRE) regulates promiscuous expression of tissue-restricted antigens in medullary epithelial cells (mTEC) of the thymus. To understand the diverse effects of AIRE, it is crucial to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the process of AIRE-regulated gene expression. In this study, we generated a recombinant AIRE expression variant of the TEC 1A3 human cell line, TEC 1A3 AIREhi, to determine genes targeted by AIRE, and using microarray analysis, we identified 482 genes showing significant differential expression (P < 0.05; false discovery rate <5%), with 353 upregulated and 129 downregulated by AIRE expression. Microarray data were validated by quantitative PCR, confirming the differential expression of 12 known AIRE-regulated genes. Comparison of AIRE-dependent differential expression in our cell line model with murine datasets identified 447 conserved genes with a number of transcription regulatory interactions, forming several key nodes, including STAT1, which had over 30 interactions with other AIRE-regulated genes. As STAT1 mutations cause dominant chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and decreased STAT1 levels in monocytes of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome 1 (APS-1) patients, it was important to further characterize AIRE–STAT1 interactions. TEC 1A3AIREhi were treated with the STAT1 phosphorylation inhibitors fludarabine and LLL3 showed that phosphorylated STAT1 (p-STAT1) was not responsible for any of the observed differential expression. Moreover, treatment of TEC 1A3 AIREhi with STAT1 shRNA did not induce any significant variation in the expression of unphosphorylated STAT1 (U-STAT1) downstream genes, suggesting that these genes were directly regulated by AIRE but not via U-STAT1. The novel model system we have developed provides potential opportunities for further analysis of the pathogenesis of (APS-1) and the wider roles of the AIRE gene.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | Copyright © 2018 Lovewell, McDonagh, Messenger, Azzouz and Tazi-Ahnini. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
Keywords: | Aire gene; STAT1; auitoimmune polyglandular syndrome 1; tissue-restricted antigens; TEC1 A3 cells |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Sheffield Teaching Hospitals |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 13 Jun 2018 11:45 |
Last Modified: | 26 Jul 2018 10:31 |
Published Version: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01380 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Frontiers Media |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01380 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:131948 |