Gardy, J orcid.org/0000-0003-1806-4056, Osatiashtiani, A, Céspedes, O et al. (5 more authors) (2018) A magnetically separable SO₄/Fe-Al-TiO₂ solid acid catalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 234. pp. 268-278. ISSN 0926-3373
Abstract
A novel magnetic SO₄/Fe-Al-TiO₂ solid acid catalyst was synthesized for biodiesel production via the (trans)esterification of waste cooking oil (WCO). The nanocomposite catalyst was prepared by the sequential functionalisation of commercial rutile/anatase mixed phase TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) with alumina as a buffer layer, and subsequently hematite to impart magnetic character, prior to sulfation with chlorosulfonic acid to introduce Brønsted acidity. XRD showed that the SO₄/Fe-Al-TiO₂ catalyst comprised titania (rutile and anatase phases), aluminium sulphate, and hematite nanoparticles, while electron microscopy revealed the layer-by-layer assembly of these components within the SO₄/Fe-Al-TiO₂ catalyst. FTIR confirmed the presence of surface sulphate groups SO₄²⁻ and S₂O₇²⁻/S₃O₁₀²⁻, creating a predominantly Brønsted acid catalyst with high acid loading. The catalyst achieved 96 % fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield from WCO after 2.5 h of reaction at 90 °C, using 3 wt% of the magnetic catalyst, and a methanol:oil molar ratio of 10:1. SO₄/Fe-Al-TiO₂ was also effective for feedstocks containing up to 20 wt% of free fatty acid (FFA), and showed excellent stability for WCO (trans)esterification over 10 recycles.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an author produced version of a paper published in Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Keywords: | Solid acid catalyst; (Trans)esterification; Magnetic nanoparticle; Biodiesel; Waste cooking oil |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences (Leeds) > School of Chemical & Process Engineering (Leeds) The University of Leeds > Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences (Leeds) > School of Physics and Astronomy (Leeds) > Condensed Matter (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 23 Apr 2018 10:26 |
Last Modified: | 20 Apr 2019 00:39 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Elsevier |
Identification Number: | 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.04.046 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:129936 |