Traub, Roger D., Whittington, Miles Adrian orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-1362 and Hall, Stephen Peter orcid.org/0000-0002-6891-9107 (2017) Does Epileptiform Activity Represent a Failure of Neuromodulation to Control Central Pattern Generator-Like Neocortical Behavior? Frontiers in neural Circuits. 78. pp. 1-12. ISSN 1662-5110
Abstract
Rhythmic motor patterns in invertebrates are often driven by specialized "central pattern generators" (CPGs), containing small numbers of neurons, which are likely to be "identifiable" in one individual compared with another. The dynamics of any particular CPG lies under the control of modulatory substances, amines, or peptides, entering the CPG from outside it, or released by internal constituent neurons; consequently, a particular CPG can generate a given rhythm at different frequencies and amplitudes, and perhaps even generate a repertoire of distinctive patterns. The mechanisms exploited by neuromodulators in this respect are manifold: Intrinsic conductances (e.g., calcium, potassium channels), conductance state of postsynaptic receptors, degree of plasticity, and magnitude and kinetics of transmitter release can all be affected. The CPG concept has been generalized to vertebrate motor pattern generating circuits (e.g., for locomotion), which may contain large numbers of neurons - a construct that is sensible, if there is enough redundancy: that is, the large number of neurons consists of only a small number of classes, and the cells within any one class act stereotypically. Here we suggest that CPG and modulator ideas may also help to understand cortical oscillations, normal ones, and particularly transition to epileptiform pathology. Furthermore, in the case illustrated, the mechanism of the transition appears to be an exaggerated form of a normal modulatory action used to influence sensory processing.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2017 Traub, Whittington and Hall. |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of York |
Academic Units: | The University of York > Faculty of Sciences (York) > Hull York Medical School (York) |
Depositing User: | Pure (York) |
Date Deposited: | 17 Apr 2018 14:50 |
Last Modified: | 22 Jan 2025 00:10 |
Published Version: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2017.00078 |
Status: | Published |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.3389/fncir.2017.00078 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:129781 |