Palaferri, D, Todorov, Y, Bigioli, A et al. (11 more authors) (2018) Room-temperature nine-µm-wavelength photodetectors and GHz-frequency heterodyne receivers. Nature, 556. pp. 85-88. ISSN 0028-0836
Abstract
Room-temperature operation is essential for any optoelectronics technology that aims to provide low-cost, compact systems for widespread applications. A recent technological advance in this direction is bolometric detection for thermal imaging¹, which has achieved relatively high sensitivity and video rates (about 60 hertz) at room temperature. However, owing to thermally induced dark current, room-temperature operation is still a great challenge for semiconductor photodetectors targeting the wavelength band between 8 and 12 micrometres², and all relevant applications, such as imaging, environmental remote sensing and laser-based free-space communication³,⁴,⁵, have been realized at low temperatures. For these devices, high sensitivity and high speed have never been compatible with high-temperature operation⁶,⁷. Here we show that a long-wavelength (nine micrometres) infrared quantum-well photodetector⁸ fabricated from a metamaterial made of sub-wavelength metallic resonators⁹,¹⁰,¹¹,¹² exhibits strongly enhanced performance with respect to the state of the art up to room temperature. This occurs because the photonic collection area of each resonator is much larger than its electrical area, thus substantially reducing the dark current of the device¹³. Furthermore, we show that our photonic architecture overcomes intrinsic limitations of the material, such as the drop of the electronic drift velocity with temperature¹⁴,¹⁵, which constrains conventional geometries at cryogenic operation⁶. Finally, the reduced physical area of the device and its increased responsivity allow us to take advantage of the intrinsic high-frequency response of the quantum detector⁷ at room temperature. By mixing the frequencies of two quantum-cascade lasers¹⁶ on the detector, which acts as a heterodyne receiver, we have measured a high-frequency signal, above four gigahertz (GHz). Therefore, these wide-band uncooled detectors could benefit technologies such as high-speed (gigabits per second) multichannel coherent data transfer¹⁷ and high-precision molecular spectroscopy¹⁸.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2018 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. This is an author produced version of a paper published in Nature. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Keywords: | Metamaterials; Mid-infrared photonics; Nanophotonics and plasmonics; Optoelectronic devices and components; Photonic devices |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences (Leeds) > School of Electronic & Electrical Engineering (Leeds) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number EPSRC EP/J017671/1 EPSRC EP/P021859/1 |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 29 Mar 2018 09:53 |
Last Modified: | 26 Sep 2018 00:39 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Springer Nature |
Identification Number: | 10.1038/nature25790 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:129087 |