Tagun, Rungnapa and Boxall, Alistair B A orcid.org/0000-0003-3823-7516 (2018) The Response of Lemna minor to Mixtures of Pesticides That Are Commonly Used in Thailand. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. ISSN 0007-4861
Abstract
In the field, aquatic organisms are exposed to multiple contaminants rather than to single compounds. It is therefore important to understand the toxic interactions of co-occurring substances in the environment. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of individual herbicides (atrazine, 2,4-D, alachlor and paraquat) that are commonly used in Thailand and their mixtures on Lemna minor. Plants were exposed to individual and binary mixtures for 7 days and the effects on plant growth rate were assesed based on frond area measurements. Experimental observations of mixture toxicity were compared with predictions based on single herbicide exposure data using concentration addition and independent action models. The single compound studies showed that paraquat and alachlor were most toxic to L. minor, followed by atrazine and then 2,4-D. For the mixtures, atrazine with 2,4-D appeared to act antagonistically, whereas alachlor and paraquat showed synergism.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018. This is an author-produced version of the published paper. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher’s self-archiving policy. Further copying may not be permitted; contact the publisher for details |
Keywords: | Journal Article |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of York |
Academic Units: | The University of York > Faculty of Sciences (York) > Environment and Geography (York) |
Depositing User: | Pure (York) |
Date Deposited: | 05 Mar 2018 13:40 |
Last Modified: | 16 Oct 2024 14:29 |
Published Version: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-018-2291-y |
Status: | Published online |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1007/s00128-018-2291-y |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:128198 |