Paulillo, B, Pirotta, S, Nong, H et al. (8 more authors) (2017) Ultrafast terahertz detectors based on three-dimensional meta-atoms. Optica, 4 (12). pp. 1451-1456. ISSN 2334-2536
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) and sub-THz frequency emitter and detector technologies are receiving increasing attention, underpinned by emerging applications in ultra-fast THz physics, frequency-combs technology and pulsed laser development in this relatively unexplored region of the electromagnetic spectrum. In particular, semiconductor-based ultrafast THz receivers are required for compact, ultrafast spectroscopy and communication systems, and to date, quantum-well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) have proved to be an excellent technology to address this, given their intrinsic picosecond-range response. However, with research focused on diffraction-limited QWIP structures ( /2), RC constants cannot be reduced indefinitely, and detection speeds are bound to eventually meet an upper limit. The key to an ultra-fast response with no intrinsic upper limit even at tens of gigahertz (GHz) is an aggressive reduction in device size, below the diffraction limit. Here we demonstrate sub-wavelength ( /10) THz QWIP detectors based on a 3D split-ring geometry, yielding ultra-fast operation at a wavelength of around 100 μm. Each sensing meta-atom pixel features a suspended loop antenna that feeds THz radiation in the ∼20 μm³ active volume ( eff~3×10‾⁴( /2)³). Arrays of detectors as well as single-pixel detectors have been implemented with this new architecture, with the latter exhibiting ultra-low dark currents below the nA level. This extremely small resonator architecture leads to measured optical response speeds—on arrays of 300 devices—of up to ∼3 GHz and an expected device operation of up to tens of GHz, based on the measured parameters on single devices and arrays.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | (c) 2017, Optical Society of America. This is an author produced version of a paper published in Optica. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modifications of the content of this paper are prohibited. |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences (Leeds) > School of Electronic & Electrical Engineering (Leeds) > Pollard Institute (Leeds) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number EPSRC EP/J017671/1 EU - European Union GA 665158 Royal Society WM150029 EPSRC EP/P021859/1 |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 18 Dec 2017 13:10 |
Last Modified: | 27 Nov 2018 01:38 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Optical Society of America |
Identification Number: | 10.1364/OPTICA.4.001451 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:125220 |