Mara, D and Evans, B orcid.org/0000-0001-9815-3141 (2018) The sanitation and hygiene targets of the sustainable development goals: scope and challenges. Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 8 (1). pp. 1-16. ISSN 2043-9083
Abstract
The sanitation target of the Sustainable Development Goals is that everyone should have a ‘safely-managed’ sanitation facility by 2030 and that open defecation be eliminated. The scale of this target is unprecedently large: ∼5.6 billion additional people will require safely-managed sanitation by 2030 (∼1 million per day), and ∼1.3 billion people will need to switch from open to fixed-defecation in a sanitation facility by 2030 (240,000 per day). Safely-managed shared sanitation and container-based sanitation are both likely to be part of the solution, particularly in urban slums. The SDG hygiene target covers facilities for handwashing with soap, menstrual-hygiene management, and food hygiene, but only handwashing with soap is monitored by WHO/UNICEF. In 2015, the percentage of people with handwashing-with-soap facilities at home ranged from 15% in Sub-Saharan Africa to 76% in Western Asia and North Africa. The costs to meet these targets are around US$46 billion in urban areas, and US$25 billion in rural areas, per year during 2016–2030. Benefit-cost ratios are ∼18 in rural areas. There is a correspondingly considerable need for training local sanitation and hygiene professionals, so that they can plan and design interventions to meet the SDG target.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2018, IWA Publishing. This is an author produced version of a paper published in Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Keywords: | open defecation; safely-managed sanitation; safely-practiced hygiene; sustainable development goals |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences (Leeds) > School of Civil Engineering (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 07 Dec 2017 16:14 |
Last Modified: | 22 May 2018 00:39 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | IWA Publishing |
Identification Number: | 10.2166/washdev.2017.048 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:124866 |