Baggen, J, Hurdiss, DL orcid.org/0000-0003-3834-5808, Zocher, G et al. (17 more authors) (2018) A role of enhanced receptor engagement in the evolution of a pandemic acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis virus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115 (2). pp. 397-402. ISSN 0027-8424
Abstract
Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) is a painful, contagious eye disease, with millions of cases in the last decades. Coxsackievirus A24 (CV-A24) was not originally associated with human disease, but in 1970 a pathogenic “variant” (CV-A24v) emerged, which is now the main cause of AHC. Initially, this variant circulated only in Southeast Asia, but it later spread worldwide, accounting for numerous AHC outbreaks and two pandemics. While both CV-A24 variant and nonvariant strains still circulate in humans, only variant strains cause AHC for reasons that are yet unknown. Since receptors are important determinants of viral tropism, we set out to map the CV-A24 receptor repertoire and establish whether changes in receptor preference have led to the increased pathogenicity and rapid spread of CV-A24v. Here, we identify ICAM-1 as an essential receptor for both AHC-causing and non-AHC strains. We provide a high-resolution cryo-EM structure of a virus–ICAM-1 complex, which revealed critical ICAM-1–binding residues. These data could help identify a possible conserved mode of receptor engagement among ICAM-1–binding enteroviruses and rhinoviruses. Moreover, we identify a single capsid substitution that has been adopted by all pandemic CV-A24v strains and we reveal that this adaptation enhances the capacity of CV-A24v to bind sialic acid. Our data elucidate the CV-A24v receptor repertoire and point to a role of enhanced receptor engagement in the adaptation to the eye, possibly enabling pandemic spread.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2017, National Academy of Sciences. This is an author produced version of a paper published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. In order to comply with the publisher requirements the University does not require the author to sign a nonexclusive licence for this paper. |
Keywords: | conjunctivitis; coxsackievirus A24v; receptor; ICAM-1; sialic acid |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Biological Sciences (Leeds) > School of Molecular and Cellular Biology (Leeds) > Cryo EM, Image Processing (Leeds) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number Wellcome Trust 108466/Z/15/Z |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 06 Dec 2017 17:28 |
Last Modified: | 28 Jun 2018 00:39 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | National Academy of Sciences |
Identification Number: | 10.1073/pnas.1713284115 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:124791 |