Molecular Assembly and Electropolymerization of 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene on Au(111) Single Crystal Electrode as Probed by In Situ Electrochemical STM in 0.10 M HClO₄

We have used electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM) to obtain molecular insights on the adlayer structures and electrochemical polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) on a bare Au(111) single crystal electrode in 0.1 M HClO4 solution. Cyclic voltammetric (CV) studies showed an increase in anodic current at 0.90 V with the oxidation of EDOT monomer occurring at E = 1.10 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode). In situ STM revealed, for the first time, that EDOT molecules can spontaneously form organized adlayers on a bare Au(111) surface with 18 μM concentration of EDOT in aqueous solution. Molecularly resolved STM images of the EDOT adlayer showed two domains consisting of disordered and ordered structures with the formation of vacancy islands or “etch pits”. Several EDOT structures were observed at +0.60 V, namely, (4 × 7), (5 × √37), and (√7 × 3) with calculated coverages of 0.107, 0.114, and 0.111 ML, respectively. Electropolymerization was also carried out using in situ STM in 0.10 M HClO4 under potential control.