Identification of Radiopure Titanium for the LZ Dark Matter Experiment and Future Rare Event Searches

Abstract

The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment will search for dark matter particle interactions with a detector containing a total of 10 tonnes of liquid xenon within a double-vessel cryostat. The large mass and proximity of the cryostat to the active detector volume demand the use of material with extremely low intrinsic radioactivity. We report on the radioassay campaign conducted to identify suitable metals, the determination of factors limiting radiopure production, and the selection of titanium for construction of the LZ cryostat and other detector components. This titanium has been measured with activities of $^{238}$U$_{e}$~$<$1.6~mBq/kg, $^{238}$U$_{l}$~$<$0.09~mBq/kg, $^{232}$Th$_{e}$~$=0.28\pm 0.03$~mBq/kg, $^{232}$Th$_{l}$~$=0.25\pm 0.02$~mBq/kg, $^{40}$K~$<$0.54~mBq/kg, and $^{60}$Co~$<$0.02~mBq/kg (68\% CL). Such low intrinsic activities, which are some of the lowest ever reported for titanium, enable its use for future dark matter and other rare event searches. Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to assess the expected background contribution from the LZ cryostat with this radioactivity. In 1,000 days of WIMP search exposure of a 5.6-tonne fiducial mass, the cryostat will contribute only a mean background of $0.160\pm0.001$(stat)$\pm0.030$(sys) counts.

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Item Type:	Article
Authors/Creators:	Akerib, DS Akerlof, CW Akimov, DY Alsum, SK Araújo, HM Arnquist, IJ Arthurs, M Bai, X Bailey, AJ Balajthy, J Balashov, S Barry, MJ Belle, J Beltrame, P Benson, T Bernard, EP Bernstein, A Biesiadzinski, TP Boast, KE Bolozdynya, A Boxer, B Bramante, R Brás, P Buckley, JH Bugaev, VV Bunker, R Burdin, S Busenitz, JK Carels, C Carlsmith, DL Carlson, B Carmona-Benitez, MC Chan, C Cherwinka, JJ Chiller, AA Chiller, C Cottle, A Coughlen, R Craddock, WW Currie, A Dahl, CE Davison, TJR Dobi, A Dobson, JEY Druszkiewicz, E Edberg, TK Edwards, WR Emmet, WT Faham, CH Fiorucci, S Fruth, T Gaitskell, RJ Gantos, NJ Gehman, VM Gerhard, RM Ghag, C Gilchriese, MGD Gomber, B Hall, CR Hans, S Hanzel, K Haselschwardt, SJ Hertel, SA Hillbrand, S Hjemfelt, C Hoff, MD Holbrook, B Holtom, E Hoppe, EW Hor, JY-K Horn, M Huang, DQ Hurteau, TW Ignarra, CM Jacobsen, RG Ji, W Kaboth, A Kamdin, K Kazkaz, K Khaitan, D Khazov, A Khromov, AV Konovalov, AM Korolkova, EV Koyuncu, M Kraus, H Krebs, HJ Kudryavtsev, VA Kumpan, AV Kyre, S Lee, C Lee, HS Lee, J Leonard, DS Leonard, R Lesko, KT Levy, C Liao, F-T Lin, J Lindote, A Linehan, RE Lippincott, WH Liu, X Lopes, MI Paredes, BL Lorenzon, W Luitz, S Majewski, P Manalaysay, A Manenti, L Mannino, RL Markley, DJ Martin, TJ Marzioni, MF McConnell, CT McKinsey, DN Mei, D-M Meng, Y Miller, EH Mizrachi, E Mock, J Monzani, ME Morad, JA Mount, BJ Murphy, ASJ Nehrkorn, C Nelson, HN Neves, F Nikkel, JA O'Dell, J O'Sullivan, K Olcina, I Olevitch, MA Oliver-Mallory, KC Palladino, KJ Pease, EK Piepke, A Powell, S Preece, RM Pushkin, K Ratcliff, BN Reichenbacher, J Reichhart, L Rhyne, CA Richards, A Rodrigues, JP Rose, HJ Rosero, R Rossiter, P Saba, JS Sarychev, M Schnee, RW Schubnell, M Scovell, PR Shaw, S Shutt, TA Silva, C Skarpaas, K Skulski, W Solmaz, M Solovov, VN Sorensen, P Sosnovtsev, VV Stancu, I Stark, MR Stephenson, S Stiegler, TM Stifter, K Sumner, TJ Szydagis, M Taylor, DJ Taylor, WC Temples, D Terman, PA Thomas, KJ Thomson, JA Tiedt, DR Timalsina, M To, WH Tomás, A Tope, TE Tripathi, M Tvrznikova, L Va'vra, J Vacheret, A Grinten, MGDVD Verbus, JR Vuosalo, CO Waldron, WL Wang, R Watson, R Webb, RC Wei, W-Z While, M White, DT Whitis, TJ Wisniewski, WJ Witherell, MS Wolfs, FLH Woodward, D Worm, S Xu, J Yeh, M Yin, J Zhang, C
Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information:	© The Author(s). This is an author produced version of a paper submitted to Astroparticle Physics. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy.
Keywords:	physics.ins-det; physics.ins-det; hep-ex
Dates:	Submitted: 20 February 2017
Institution:	The University of Sheffield
Academic Units:	The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Science (Sheffield) > Department of Physics and Astronomy (Sheffield)
Depositing User:	Symplectic Sheffield
Date Deposited:	12 Apr 2017 13:13
Last Modified:	27 Aug 2024 15:43
Status:	Submitted
Publisher:	Elsevier
Related URLs:	Author
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID):	oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:114741

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Identification of Radiopure Titanium for the LZ Dark Matter Experiment and Future Rare Event Searches

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