Baldarcara, L., Currie, S., Hadjivassiliou, M. orcid.org/0000-0003-2542-8954 et al. (11 more authors) (2015) Consensus Paper: Radiological Biomarkers of Cerebellar Diseases. Cerebellum, 14 (2). pp. 175-196. ISSN 1473-4222
Abstract
Hereditary and sporadic cerebellar ataxias represent a vast and still growing group of diseases whose diagnosis and differentiation cannot only rely on clinical evaluation. Brain imaging including magnetic resonance (MR) and nuclear medicine techniques allows for characterization of structural and functional abnormalities underlying symptomatic ataxias. These methods thus constitute a potential source of radiological biomarkers, which could be used to identify these diseases and differentiate subgroups of them, and to assess their severity and their evolution. Such biomarkers mainly comprise qualitative and quantitative data obtained from MR including proton spectroscopy, diffusion imaging, tractography, voxel-based morphometry, functional imaging during task execution or in a resting state, and from SPETC and PET with several radiotracers. In the current article, we aim to illustrate briefly some applications of these neuroimaging tools to evaluation of cerebellar disorders such as inherited cerebellar ataxia, fetal developmental malformations, and immune-mediated cerebellar diseases and of neurodegenerative or early-developing diseases, such as dementia and autism in which cerebellar involvement is an emerging feature. Although these radiological biomarkers appear promising and helpful to better understand ataxia-related anatomical and physiological impairments, to date, very few of them have turned out to be specific for a given ataxia with atrophy of the cerebellar system being the main and the most usual alteration being observed. Consequently, much remains to be done to establish sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of available MR and nuclear medicine features as diagnostic, progression and surrogate biomarkers in clinical routine.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York. This is an author produced version of a paper subsequently published in Cerebellum. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Keywords: | Cerebellum; Ataxia; Autism; Dementia; Radiological biomarker; Immunity; Fetal malformation; MRI; fMRI; Spectroscopy; Diffusion; SPECT; PET; Ultrasound |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health (Sheffield) > Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease The University of Sheffield > Sheffield Teaching Hospitals |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 13 Mar 2017 16:24 |
Last Modified: | 23 Mar 2018 02:25 |
Published Version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12311-014-0610-3 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Springer Verlag (Germany) |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1007/s12311-014-0610-3 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:113435 |