Hopkins, M orcid.org/0000-0002-7655-0215 and Blundell, JE (2016) Energy balance, body composition, sedentariness and appetite regulation: pathways to obesity. Clinical Science, 130 (18). pp. 1615-1628. ISSN 0143-5221
Abstract
Energy balance is not a simple algebraic sum of energy expenditure and energy intake as often depicted in communications. Energy balance is a dynamic process and there exist reciprocal effects between food intake and energy expenditure. An important distinction is that of metabolic and behavioural components of energy expenditure. These components not only contribute to the energy budget directly, but also by influencing the energy intake side of the equation. It has recently been demonstrated that resting metabolic rate (RMR) is a potential driver of energy intake, and evidence is accumulating on the influence of physical activity (behavioural energy expenditure) on mechanisms of satiety and appetite control. These effects are associated with changes in leptin and insulin sensitivity, and in the plasma levels of gastrointestinal (GI) peptides such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), ghrelin and cholecystokinin (CCK). The influence of fat-free mass on energy expenditure and as a driver of energy intake directs attention to molecules emanating from skeletal tissue as potential appetite signals. Sedentariness (physical inactivity) is positively associated with adiposity and is proposed to be a source of overconsumption and appetite dysregulation. The molecular signals underlying these effects are not known but represent a target for research.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2016 The Author(s). published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society. This is an author produced version of a paper published in Clinical Science. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Keywords: | appetite regulation, energy intake, fat-free mass, resting metabolic rate, sedentariness |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > School of Food Science and Nutrition (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 01 Mar 2017 16:13 |
Last Modified: | 12 Aug 2017 18:16 |
Published Version: | https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20160006 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Portland Press |
Identification Number: | 10.1042/CS20160006 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:112990 |