Schlesinger, S, Chan, DSM, Vingeliene, S et al. (7 more authors) (2017) Carbohydrates, glycemic index, glycemic load, sugars and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Nutrition Reviews, 75 (6). pp. 420-441. ISSN 0029-6643
Abstract
Context: The investigation of dose–response associations between carbohydrate intake, glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of breast cancer stratified by menopausal status, hormone receptor status, and body mass index (BMI) remains inconclusive. Objective: A systematic review and dose–response meta-analyses was conducted to investigate these associations. Data Sources: As part of the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Continuous Update Project, PubMed was searched up to May 2015 for relevant studies on these associations. Study Selection: Prospective studies reporting associations between carbohydrate intake, glycemic index, or glycemic load and breast cancer risk were included. Data Extraction: Two investigators independently extracted data from included studies. Results: Random-effects models were used to summarize relative risks (RRs) and 95%CIs. Heterogeneity between subgroups, including menopausal status, hormone receptor status, and BMI was explored using meta-regression. Nineteen publications were included. The summary RRs (95%CIs) for breast cancer were 1.04 (1.00–1.07) per 10 units/d for glycemic index, 1.01 (0.98–1.04) per 50 units/d for glycemic load, and 1.00 (0.96–1.05) per 50 g/d for carbohydrate intake. For glycemic index, the association appeared slightly stronger among postmenopausal women (summary RR per 10 units/d, 1.06; 95%CI, 1.02–1.10) than among premenopausal women, though the difference was not statistically significant (Pheterogeneity = 0.15). Glycemic load and carbohydrate intake were positively associated with breast cancer among postmenopausal women with estrogen-negative tumors (summary RR for glycemic load, 1.28; 95%CI, 1.08–1.52; and summary RR for carbohydrates, 1.13; 95%CI, 1.02–1.25). No differences in BMI were detected. Conclusions: Menopausal and hormone receptor status, but not BMI, might be potential influencing factors for the associations between carbohydrate intake, glycemic index, glycemic load, and breast cancer.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | (c) 2017, The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Life Sciences Institute. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Nutrition Reviews following peer review. The version of record, 'Schlesinger, S, Chan, DSM, Vingeliene, S et al (2017) Carbohydrates, glycemic index, glycemic load, sugars and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Nutrition Reviews, 75 (6). pp. 420-441,' is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nux010 |
Keywords: | breast cancer; carbohydrates; glycemic index; glycemic load; meta-analysis; systematic review |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Medicine and Health (Leeds) > School of Medicine (Leeds) > Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics (LIGHT) > Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 20 Dec 2016 12:28 |
Last Modified: | 29 May 2018 00:38 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Oxford University Press (OUP) |
Identification Number: | 10.1093/nutrit/nux010 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:109665 |