Koh, S.C.L., Ibn-Mohammed, T., Acquaye, A. et al. (5 more authors) (2016) Drivers of U.S. toxicological footprints trajectory 1998–2013. Scientific Reports, 6. 39514 . ISSN 2045-2322
Abstract
By exploiting data from the Toxic Release Inventory of the United States, we have established that the toxicological footprint (TF) surged 3.3% (88.4 Mt) between 1998 and 1999 and decreased by 39% (1088.5 Mt) between 1999 and 2013. From 1999 to 2006, the decreasing TF was driven by improvements in emissions intensity (i.e. gains in production efficiency) through toxic chemical management options: cleaner production; end of pipe treatment; transfer for further waste management; and production scale. In particular, the mining sector reduced its TF through outsourcing processes. Between 2006 and 2009, decreasing TF was due to decrease in consumption volume triggered by economic recession. Since 2009, the economic recovery increased TF, overwhelming the influence of improved emissions intensity through population growth, consumption and production structures. Accordingly, attaining a less-toxic economy and environment will be influenced by a combination of improvement in production efficiency and consumption-side management such as changes in lifestyle and consumption patterns. Overall, the current analysis highlights the structural dynamics of toxic chemical release and will inform future formulation of effective mitigation standards and management protocols towards the detoxification of the environment.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Social Sciences (Sheffield) > Management School (Sheffield) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number ENGINEERING AND PHYSICAL SCIENCE RESEARCH COUNCIL (EPSRC) EP/L017563/1 |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 07 Dec 2016 15:50 |
Last Modified: | 21 Jun 2017 12:15 |
Published Version: | https://doi.org/10.1038/srep39514 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Nature Publishing Group |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1038/srep39514 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:109172 |