Classification of current anticancer immunotherapies

Abstract

During the past decades, anticancer immunotherapy has evolved from a promising therapeutic option to a robust clinical reality. Many immunotherapeutic regimens are now approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for use in cancer patients, and many others are being investigated as standalone therapeutic interventions or combined with conventional treatments in clinical studies. Immunotherapies may be subdivided into “passive” and “active” based on their ability to engage the host immune system against cancer. Since the anticancer activity of most passive immunotherapeutics (including tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies) also relies on the host immune system, this classification does not properly reflect the complexity of the drug-host-tumor interaction. Alternatively, anticancer immunotherapeutics can be classified according to their antigen specificity. While some immunotherapies specifically target one (or a few) defined tumor-associated antigen(s), others operate in a relatively non-specific manner and boost natural or therapy-elicited anticancer immune responses of unknown and often broad specificity. Here, we propose a critical, integrated classification of anticancer immunotherapies and discuss the clinical relevance of these approaches.

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Item Type:	Article
Authors/Creators:	Galluzzi, L. Vacchelli, E. Bravo-San Pedro, J-M. Buque, A. Senovilla, L. Baracco, E.E. Bloy, N. Castoldi, F. Abastado, J-P. Agostinis, P. Apte, R.N. Aranda, F. Ayyoub, M. Beckhove, P. Blay, J-Y. Bracci, L. Caignard, A. Castelli, C. Cavallo, F. Celis, E. Cerundolo, V. Clayton, A. Colombo, M.P. Coussens, L. Dhodapkar, M.V. Eggermont, A.M. Fearon, D.T. Fridman, W.H. Fucikova, J. Gabrilovich, D.I. Galon, J. Garg, A. Ghiringhelli, F. Giaccone, G. Gilboa, E. Gnjatic, S. Hoos, A. Hosmalin, A. Jaeger, D. Kalinski, P. Kaerre, K. Kepp, O. Kiessling, R. Kirkwood, J.M. Klein, E. Knuth, A. Lewis, C.E. Liblau, R. Lotze, M.T. Lugli, E. Mach, J-P. Mattei, F. Mavilio, D. Melero, I. Melief, C.J. Mittendorf, E.A. Moretta, L. Odunsi, A. Okada, H. Palucka, A.K. Peter, M.E. Pienta, K.J. Porgador, A. Prendergast, G.C. Rabinovich, G.A. Restifo, N.P. Rizvi, N. Sautes-Fridman, C. Schreiber, H. Seliger, B. Shiku, H. Silva-Santos, B. Smyth, M.J. Speiser, D.E. Spisek, R. Srivastava, P.K. Talmadge, J.E. Tartour, E. Van der Burg, S.H. Van den Eynde, B.J. Vile, R. Wagner, H. Weber, J.S. Whiteside, T.L. Wolchok, J.D. Zitvogel, L. Zou, W. Kroemer, G.
Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information:	© 2014 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Keywords:	adoptive cell transfer; checkpoint blockers; dendritic cell-based interventions; DNA-based vaccines; immunostimulatory cytokines; peptide-based vaccines; oncolytic viruses; Toll-like receptor agonists
Dates:	Published: 30 December 2014
Institution:	The University of Sheffield
Academic Units:	The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health (Sheffield) > The Medical School (Sheffield) > Division of Genomic Medicine (Sheffield) > Department of Oncology and Metabolism (Sheffield) The University of Sheffield > Sheffield Teaching Hospitals
Depositing User:	Symplectic Sheffield
Date Deposited:	20 Dec 2016 11:06
Last Modified:	20 Dec 2016 11:07
Published Version:	http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.2998
Status:	Published
Publisher:	Impact Journals
Refereed:	Yes
Identification Number:	10.18632/oncotarget.2998
Related URLs:	Author
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID):	oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:107882

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Classification of current anticancer immunotherapies

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