Pinilla, P, Birnstiel, T and Walsh, C orcid.org/0000-0001-6078-786X (2015) Sequential planet formation in the HD 100546 protoplanetary disk? Astronomy & Astrophysics, 580. A105. ISSN 0004-6361
Abstract
Context. The disk around the Herbig Ae star, HD 100546, shows structures that suggest the presence of two companions in the disk at ~10 and ~70 AU. The outer companion seems to be in the act of formation. Aims. Our aims are to provide constraints on the age of the planets in HD 100546 and to explore the potential evidence for sequential planet formation in transition disks such as HD 100546. Methods. We compare the recent resolved continuum observations of the disk around HD 100546 with the results of dust evolution simulations using an analytical prescription for the shapes of gaps carved by massive planets. Results. An inner pressure bump must have been present since early in the disk lifetime to have good agreement between the dust evolution models and the continuum observations of HD 100546. This pressure bump may have resulted from the presence of a very massive planet (~20 MJup), which formed early in the inner disk (r ~ 10 AU). If only this single planet exists, the disk is likely to be old, comparable to the stellar age (~5−10 Myr). Another possible explanation is an additional massive planet in the outer disk (r ~ 70 AU): either a low-mass outer planet (≲ 5 MJup) injected at early times, or a higher mass outer planet (≳15 MJup) formed very recently, traps the right amount of dust in pressure bumps to reproduce the observations. In the latter case, the disk could be much younger (~3.0 Myr). Conclusions. In the case in which two massive companions are embedded in the disk around HD 100546, as suggested in the literature, the outer companion could be at least ≳2.5 Myr younger than the inner companion.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2015 ESO. Reproduced in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Keywords: | protoplanetary disks; circumstellar matter; planet-disk interactions |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences (Leeds) > School of Physics and Astronomy (Leeds) > Astrophysics (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 16 Nov 2016 12:27 |
Last Modified: | 16 Nov 2016 12:27 |
Published Version: | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201425539 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | EDP Sciences |
Identification Number: | 10.1051/0004-6361/201425539 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:107115 |