Green, J., Rolfe, M.D. and Smith, L.J. (2014) Transcriptional regulation of bacterial virulence gene expression by molecular oxygen and nitric oxide. Virulence, 5 (8). pp. 794-809. ISSN 2150-5594
Abstract
© Jeffrey Green, Matthew D Rolfe, and Laura J Smith. Molecular oxygen (O<inf>2</inf>) and nitric oxide (NO) are diatomic gases that play major roles in infection. The host innate immune system generates reactive oxygen species and NO as bacteriocidal agents and both require O<inf>2</inf> for their production. Furthermore, the ability to adapt to changes in O<inf>2</inf> availability is crucial for many bacterial pathogens, as many niches within a host are hypoxic. Pathogenic bacteria have evolved transcriptional regulatory systems that perceive these gases and respond by reprogramming gene expression. Direct sensors possess iron-containing co-factors (iron-sulfur clusters, mononuclear iron, heme) or reactive cysteine thiols that react with O<inf>2</inf> and/or NO. Indirect sensors perceive the physiological effects of O<inf>2</inf> starvation. Thus, O<inf>2</inf> and NO act as environmental cues that trigger the coordinated expression of virulence genes and metabolic adaptations necessary for survival within a host. Here, the mechanisms of signal perception by key O<inf>2</inf>and NO-responsive bacterial transcription factors and the effects on virulence gene expression are reviewed, followed by consideration of these aspects of gene regulation in two major pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2014 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC© Jeffrey Green, Matthew D Rolfe, and Laura J Smith This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The moral rights of the named author(s) have been asserted. |
Keywords: | FNR; iron–sulfur cluster; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nitric oxide sensors; oxygen sensors; Staphylococcus aureus; WhiB-like proteins |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Science (Sheffield) > School of Biosciences (Sheffield) > Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Sheffield) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 25 Oct 2016 12:58 |
Last Modified: | 25 Oct 2016 12:58 |
Published Version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/viru.27794 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Taylor & Francis |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.4161/viru.27794 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:106368 |