Printed carbon black thermocouple as an in situ thermal sensor for lithium-ion cell

Thermal monitoring of lithium-ion batteries ensures their safe and optimal operation. To collect the most accurate temperature data of LIBs, previous studies used thermocouples in the cell and proved them to be technically viable. However, the cost and scale-up limitations of this method restricted its use in many applications, hindering its mass adoption. This work developed a low-cost and scalable screen-printed carbon black thermocouple to study its applicability for the thermal monitoring of LIB. Given the appropriate manufacturing parameters, it was found that thermal sensors may be printed on the electrodes, installed on a pouch cell, and once calibrated, operate with excellent sensitivity. However, to reliably use a printed carbon black thermocouple in operando of a pouch cell, its chemical resistance against electrolytes was found to require further development.