Perspectives on future CCUS infrastructure design

In this paper, we systematically review existing models and identify software tools suitable for the optimal planning and design of large-scale Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) infrastructure. We identify key factors, relevant system constraints (and the lack thereof) that need to be considered when optimising CCUS systems. The components of the supply chain considered include CO2 capture, (re-)conditioning, transport, storage and utilisation, and how spatial, temporal, economic, social, environmental, policy and technical factors have been integrated into models in the literature. Findings showed past works to be saturated with respect to techno-economic factors, but sparse on social, policy, business and other non-technical factors which have been identified to be important for successful large-scale deployment of CCUS infrastructure. Recommendations on future research are then proposed towards a more robust infrastructure design consideration.