Magnetic energy powers the corona: how we can understand its 3D storage & release

Abstract

The coronal magnetic field is the prime driver behind many as-yet unsolved mysteries: solar eruptions, coronal heating, and the solar wind, to name a few. It is, however, still poorly observed and understood. We highlight key questions related to magnetic energy storage, release, and transport in the solar corona, and their relationship to these important problems. We advocate for new and multi-point co-optimized measurements, sensitive to magnetic field and other plasma parameters, spanning from optical to γ-ray wavelengths, to bring closure to these long-standing and fundamental questions. We discuss how our approach can fully describe the 3D magnetic field, embedded plasma, particle energization, and their joint evolution to achieve these objectives.

Metadata

Authors/Creators:	Caspi, A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8702-8273 Seaton, D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0494-2025 Casini, R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6990-513X Downs, C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1759-4354 Gibson, S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9831-2640 Gilbert, H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9985-7260 Glesener, L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7092-2703 Guidoni, S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1439-4218 Hughes, J.M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3410-7650 McKenzie, D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9921-7757 Plowman, J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7016-7226 Reeves, K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6903-6832 Saint-Hilaire, P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8283-4556 Shih, A.Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6874-2594 West, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0631-2393 Alaoui, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2932-3623 Alexander, D. Allred, J.C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4227-6809 Antiochos, S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0176-4312 Ashfield, W. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6368-939X Ballai, I. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3066-7653 Barata, T. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-8285 Barta, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5092-9462 Benz, A.O. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9777-9177 Berlicki, A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6505-4478 Bradshaw, S.J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3300-6041 Bröse, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8386-6015 Buitrago-Casas, J.C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8203-4794 Cassak, P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5938-1050 Chamberlin, P. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4372-7405 Che, H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2240-6728 Chen, T.Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0294-3614 Chen, B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0660-3350 Cheng, X. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2837-7136 Christe, S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6127-795X Comisso, L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8822-8031 Dahlin, J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9493-4730 Nolfo, G.D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3677-074X Dennis, B. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8585-2349 Dickson, E.C.M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3992-8231 Drake, J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-1841 Dudík, J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-7427 Dzifcakova, E. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2629-6201 Emslie, G. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8720-0723 Erdelyi, R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3439-4127 Farid, S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0223-7004 Fleishman, G. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5557-2100 French, R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9726-0738 Gallagher, P.T. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9745-0400 Gan, W. Gary, D. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2520-8396 Guo, F. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4315-3755 Hayes, L.A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6835-2390 Hudson, H. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5685-1283 Ji, H. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9600-9963 Jones, A.R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5533-5498 Kansabanik, D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8801-9635 Kawate, T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1021-0322 Kerr, G.S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5316-914X Keshav, A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7004-8670 Knuth, T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-7059 Kobelski, A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4691-1729 Kooi, J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5595-2522 Kumari, A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5742-9033 Lee, J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5865-7924 Li, Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8258-4892 Longo, F. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2501-2270 Maharana, A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4269-056X Mandrini, C.H. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9311-678X Oliveros, J.C.M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2587-1342 Mason, J.P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3783-5509 Mason, E.I. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8767-7182 Massone, A.M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4966-8864 McAteer, R.T.J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1493-101X McConnell, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8186-5978 McTiernan, J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3038-176X Mitchell, J.G. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4501-5452 Mohan, A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1571-7931 Motorina, G. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7856-084X Mrozek, T. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4142-366X Musset, S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0945-8996 Narukage, N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6330-3944 Nayak, S.S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4241-627X Nitta, N. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6119-0221 Panesar, N. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7620-362X Pariat, E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2900-0608 Piana, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1700-991X Pohjolainen, S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7175-9370 Qiu, J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-744X Reale, F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1820-4824 Rivera, Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8748-2123 Rozelot, J.P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5369-1381 Sarkar, R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6457-5207 Setterberg, W. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2165-8314 Shaik, S.B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3089-3431 Shaikh, Z. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9206-6327 Sharma, R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0485-7098 Skokic, I. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5486-4192 Stores, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-8048 Struminsky, A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0456-9291 Sylwester, J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8060-0043 Takahashi, T. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6305-3909 Tiwari, S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7817-2978 Tsiklauri, D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9180-4773 Vievering, J.T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7407-6740 Warmuth, A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1439-3610 White, S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8574-8629 Zimovets, I.V. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6995-3684
Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information:	© 2023 The Authors. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Dates:	Published (online): 31 July 2023 Published: 31 July 2023
Institution:	The University of Sheffield
Academic Units:	The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Science (Sheffield) > School of Mathematics and Statistics (Sheffield)
Depositing User:	Symplectic Sheffield
Date Deposited:	19 Sep 2023 14:52
Last Modified:	19 Sep 2023 14:52
Published Version:	http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/25c2cfeb.1dbfea1f
Status:	Published
Publisher:	American Astronomical Society
Refereed:	Yes
Identification Number:	https://doi.org/10.3847/25c2cfeb.1dbfea1f

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Magnetic energy powers the corona: how we can understand its 3D storage & release

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