Ultra‐long‐distance transport of aeolian sand: The provenance of an intermontane desert, south‐east China

Intermontane deserts are an important type of arid-climate sedimentary system. Although rare at present, the sedimentary records of intermontane deserts reveal their widespread development in past greenhouse periods, and they might develop in the near future in response to ongoing global warming. Determination of the provenance of sand supplied for the construction of intermontane deserts is important to gain improved understanding of the potential impact of future climate on environmental evolution in arid and semi-arid regions. During the Cretaceous, a typical intermontane desert developed in the Xinjiang Basin, south-east China. In this study, the origin, spatial variability, and transport pathways of both aeolian and alluvial–fluvial sediments in the Xinjiang intermontane desert are investigated by analyses of bulk-rock petrography and detrital-zircon U–Pb geochronology. These results demonstrate that the sand in the Xinjiang intermontane desert succession was mainly of extraneous origin and wind-derived. The nearby South China Block and South China Magmatic Belt were primary sources, and the 1000 km distant western margin of Yangtze Block was an important secondary source. During the Late Cretaceous, the westerlies were stronger in the northern than in the southern hemisphere with doubled wind speeds. In such a climatic context, the results herein suggest that the ultra-long-distance aeolian sediment transport was likely further enabled by two factors: (i) the strengthening of intermittent westerly winds during short-lived glacial episodes; and (ii) the presence of a low-relief corridor that served as a transport pathway from source to sink.