Designing men's health programs : the 5C framework

Men are less likely than women to access or engage with a range of generic health programs across a diversity of settings. Designing health programs that mitigate barriers associated with normative ideals of masculinity has been widely viewed as a key factor in how health systems should respond, but strategies to engage men have often narrowly conceptualised male health behaviour and risk inadvertently reinforcing negative and outdated gender stereotypes. Currently absent from the men’s health literature is practical guidance on gender-transformative approaches to men’s health program design – those which seek to quell harmful gender norms and purposefully promote health equity across wide-ranging issues, intervention types, and service contexts. In this article we propose a novel conceptual model underpinned by gender-transformative goals to help guide researchers and practitioners tailor men’s health programs to improve accessibility and engagement. The ‘5C framework’ offers key considerations and guiding principles on the application of masculinities in program design irrespective of intervention type or service context. By detailing five salient phases of program development, the framework is intended as a designate approach to the design of accessible and engaging men’s health programs that will foster progressive changes in the ways in which masculinity can be interpreted and expressed as a means to achieve health for all.