Using evidence in mental health policy agenda-setting in low- and middle-income countries: A conceptual meta-framework from a scoping umbrella review

The purpose of this article is to close the gap in frameworks for the use of evidence in mental health policy agenda-setting in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Agenda-setting is important because mental health remains a culturally-sensitive and neglected issue in LMICs. Moreover, effective evidence-informed agenda-setting can help achieve, and sustain, the status of mental health as a policy priority in these low resource contexts. A scoping review of reviews of evidence-to-policy frameworks was conducted which followed PRISMA guidelines. Nineteen reviews met the inclusion criteria. A meta-framework was developed from analysis and narrative synthesis of these 19 reviews which integrates the key elements identified across studies. It comprises the concepts of evidence, actors, process, context, and approach which are linked via the cross-cutting dimensions of: beliefs, values and interests; capacity; power and politics; and, trust and relationships. Five accompanying questions act as a guide for applying the meta-framework with relevance to mental health agenda-setting in LMICs. This is a novel and integrative meta-framework for mental health policy agenda-setting in LMICs and, as such, an important contribution to this under-researched area. Two major recommendations are identified from the development of the framework to enhance its implementation. First, given the paucity of formal evidence on mental health in LMICs, informal evidence based on stakeholder experience could be better utilised in these contexts. Second, the use of evidence in mental health agenda-setting in LMICs would be enhanced by involving a broader range of stakeholders in generating, communicating and promoting relevant information.