Halloysite nano-clay (HNC), which is a natural, non-toxic nanomaterial falling under the kaolin subgroup of clay minerals, has a unique nanostructure. Its external layer consists of silica (Si-O-Si), and its internal tube core is alumina (Al-OH) with an internal monolayer of water molecules. HNC is around 1 µm long, and its external and inner diameters range from 40 to 70 nm and 10 to 20 nm, respectively. It is used in the pharmaceutical industry because its unique nanostructure allows for controllable, sustained drug release. It has also been employed to capture cancer cells in the blood and purify water, remove oil spills and reduce water pollution. HNC is considered safe in low and medium doses. In the construction industry, it can be used to produce low-carbon concrete and reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, where CO2 is the main cause of global warming. However, incorporating it into concrete to improve the mechanical properties and durability of the material has led to concerns regarding environmental effects and the health of construction workers. In consideration of these issues, the principal objective of this overview study was to investigate the effects of such HNC usage on human health and environments. The results showed that inhaling or ingesting high doses of HNC can cause lung fibroses in animals and humans. Although it does not irritate the skin, it may cause eye irritation.
CORE (COnnecting REpositories)
CORE (COnnecting REpositories)