Toward just energy transitions in authoritarian regimes: indirect participation and adaptive governance

Low-carbon energy transition is a response to the dual challenges of climate change and sustainable development. Recent years have seen the emergence of the discourse of just energy transitions, which position social justice at the centre of energy transitions. Authoritarian regimes, because of the established tradition of command-and-control policy making, are considered a critical arena for advancing a just transition globally. A case review of low-carbon energy transitions worldwide reveals an important and significant knowledge gap on justice issues in more authoritarian regimes. Two in-depth case studies in China show that, although social injustice seems to be inevitable for energy transitions in authoritarian regimes, adaptive transition governance mainly through indirect participation mechanisms offers a pathway toward just energy transitions. The study calls for more nuanced and longer-term perspectives of social injustices that emerge in the process of energy transitions in authoritarian regimes.