Gated communities revisited: defended homes nested in security enclaves

This article reviews developments over the past ten years which have led to an increase in architectural and technological defensiveness of both individual homes and of neighbourhoods. It argues that this is the result of a combination of prevailing structural conditions: neoliberal state policies that bolster responsi ble home ownership and aim to reduce public spending; an emphasis on the market which opens the way for developers and the security, insurance and associated industries to make profits; loss of place - based community which cannot be replaced by the legal fr ameworks which bind the residents of private enclaves; an increase in house prices causing homes to be viewed primarily as financial a ssets; fear of crime fuelled by the media; and a lack of government policies to prevent the further growth of gated commun ities.